Cleaning of septic tanks 


 Septic tank cleaning operations at the scene 
 First, the basic concepts of 
 A. Toilets: the building envelope, urinals, and manure storage facilities for the toilet sanitation facilities. 
 Two. Sanitary latrines: walls, no leakage has a top, toilet pits and storage pits, storage pits covered toilet room clean, maggot, and almost no odor, fecal be promptly removed. Harmless treatment facilities, sanitary latrines that the sanitary latrines. 
 3. Feces harmless treatment: principles and methods of physics, chemistry or biology is the use to kill or remove pathogenic microorganisms in the feces, the parasite eggs and control flies breeding, eliminate odor, prevent environmental pollution, while keep the faeces of fertilizer, the treated faeces can be safely used in agriculture. 
 Two, sanitary latrines. 
 Type of sanitary latrines: the three formats, two-urn, triple-type digesters, urine directing two pits alternate, Mezzanine Floor, composting, deep frost style. 
 Third, the format of the basic principles of the septic tank 
 Septic tanks of the three formats is composed of three interconnected sealed septic tanks composed of feces into the soil pipes into the first pool so downstream to the third pool, the main principle of the pool: 
 Pool: interception with more eggs in the feces, feces decomposition by fermentation, loose fecal fermentation expansion buoyant than significant subsidence, resulting in a floating skin of fecal fecal fluid and the sinking of the middle fecal residue. The use of parasites is greater than the proportion of the principle to natural subsidence in the septic tank at the bottom of waste mixture. Soaking of liquid manure and flip to resolve fecal it liquefied and retention of fecal residue at the bottom. Anaerobic fermentation: a closed anaerobic environment of a septic tank, can break down protein organics and produce ammonia and other substances, these substances have to kill the parasite eggs and bacteria. 
 Pool: from the further fermentation, precipitation, compared to the first pool of the pool fecal skin and the fecal residue reduction in the number, so the low level of fermentation decomposition, the absence of new stool into the liquid manure in comparison stationary state, which is conducive to float in the septic tanks in the eggs continue to sink. 
 Pool: storage of liquid manure. First two grid of liquid manure into the third pool, basically free of parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms, reached fecal harmless requirements, can be used for farmland direct fertilization. 
 Fourth, the construction techniques 
 (A) Structure 
 Three formats septic tank toilet structure is dominated by the squatting toilet (or toilet), had soil pipes and storage pits. 
 1, storage pits 
 Three compartment storage pits two had fecal tube connected seal pool. According to its main function, in turn named for the interception of precipitation and fermentation tank, re-fermentation tank and storage pits. Had fecal tube connected between the three pools. Xiecha tube and inverted U-shaped, inverted L-shaped tube, but Xiecha tube preferred. Had fecal tube using the inner diameter of ~ 100 150mmPVC plastic tube is appropriate, can also be used precast concrete, clay pipes and other materials requiring a smooth inner wall. To prevent clogs, consider the size and flow of the pits may be appropriate to increase the number of fecal tube. 
 Toilet, cover, clear slag notch, the fecal-oral 
 The toilet can be used is generally water-saving toilet. Can be toilet can also be squatting pan. First cell septic tank cover top left into the fecal-oral and slag port, install the toilet into the fecal-oral, into the soil pipes can be used with inner diameter of 150mm of PVC or other pipe as far as possible away from the fecal-oral, and close to the wall in order to reduce the disturbance of the water will force pool. Fixed without cement in the installation of toilet death, into the fecal-oral mouth as a clear residue. It is not necessary under tap into soil pipes to the second pool of the top should be sealed through the toilet and water-sealed toilet splash type, but also leaves the mouth clean residue, pool cover top left fecal-oral, the fecal-oral cover seal. 
 3 matching items 
 Clean toilet paper stored in boxes, they waste basket, brooms and brushes, water containers, lighting, ventilation equipment, etc.. 
 (B) the calculation of the volume 
 1, the first and second pool of effective volume 
 Should be based on the number of users, fecal storage fermentation to achieve the time required for sound decisions, general requirements, the effective volume of the second pool shall ensure that the feces in which the lifetime of 30 days 30 days retention in the third pool. Per person per day of waste excretion is about 1.5L water-saving toilet flushing water can be calculated on a daily 2.OL So the first two pool volume minimum calculation can not be less than 3.5L. The third pool of the size of the volume depending on the cycle, generally not less than the first and the second pool. If it is flush household toilets, storage pits volume can be enlarged. 
 2, the proportion of three grid 
 The volume of the pool and pool, have a certain influence on the effect of the parasite eggs precipitate. If the volume of the first pool is too small, fecal retention time, amounting to less than the decomposition of manure and precipitation purpose, faeces and eggs into the second pool, not the instrument to increase the burden of the second pool, and likely to cause fecal tube blockage. If the pool volume is relatively small, feces short residence time in the second pool, feces harmless treatment effect backward. The ratio of the three pools should generally be for the 2:1:3, the first pool of storage 20 days storage of 10 days in the second pool, pool storage to 30 days. 
 The septic tank effective depth of 1000mm, a maximum of not less than 900mm, plus the upper space of a septic tank, pool depth of approximately 1150mm. 
 (C) had fecal tube position 
 Over the installation location of the soil pipes related to the fecal flow direction, flow length, whether anaerobic and ability to effectively block the flow of fecal skin, fecal residue, as well as to maintain a pool of effective volume, fresh feces into the pits, and more the formation of fecal concentrated in the upper skin, and then gradually loose disintegration, a large proportion of the sinking formed between fecal residue, manure, skin and fecal residue Xifen liquid. The parasite eggs are generally concentrated in the the fecal skin and fecal residue, therefore, had fecal tube position on fewer parasite eggs in the middle liquid manure. Had, respectively, the location of soil pipes better setting should Xiecha installed on a two-block partition: the first pool to pool over soil pipes to the bottom position in the pool 1/3, the top in the second pool from the pool top 100mm or so: the second pool to pool over the bottom position of the soil pipes in the second pool of the bottom 1/3 or 1/2 Central, the top in the third pool from the pool of the top 100 or so, over the level of the soil pipes and wall angle was 60 degrees. Attach relevant plan. 
 Fifth, the method of construction 
 (A) brick France 
 (B) of precast concrete 
 (C) poured 
 Six, the construction techniques 
 (A) anti-leakage 
 (B) had fecal control of the main materials: cement pipes, clay pipes or plastic pipes required to install into the / / type, inverted L-shaped or inverted T, and 5 percent waterproof powder doped with 1:2 cement mortar after installation is complete sealing. 
 (C) the bog masonry installation is complete, it should be the first bog cover to cover and then back filling and compaction in layers. 
 (D) the upper edge of the bog above ground 150mm, to prevent rainwater from entering the septic tank. 
 (E) The pool cover size should be appropriate to facilitate the opening of the fecal residue clearance. 
 (Vi) the location of the toilet housing to be elected in the kitchen downwind. 
 (7) in the toilet inside the house exhaust ventilation equipment 
 Seven, maintenance and day-to-day management of 
 (A) The new pool was built to confirm no leakage, and conservation of two weeks after the official opening. 
 (B) use to control the water. 
 (C) promptly clean up fecal skin and fecal residue, composting of fecal residue shall be removed in the septic tanks or chemical treatment and then as fertilizer and manure is removed for the third pool can be directly used as fertilizer. 
 (D) to maintain the tightness of septic tank cover in the slag or take the manure, not in the pool, lighting, smoking, etc., to prevent fermentation biogas produced in a fire explosion.